We know how to save family medicine. Why aren’t we?

I just wrote this in a flurry this morning. I see stupider and stupider proposals from the government and from newspaper editorials. I see our new grads learn from their teachers that they need to stay away from this job. I then see the  domino effect this has on recruitment, job satisfaction and reinforced by absurd government initiatives to save the system. I watch the OMA get pulled in every direction to try and please everyone. So apologies in advance -this is just my take really-and mostly to get it off my chest-not that it will lead anywhere. So thanks for reading.

The Family Health Organization (FHO) is what saves family medicine. It has done it before and it can do it again.

In 2006 something unprecedented happened. It hasn’t happened before or since. And perhaps we didn’t quite appreciate how unique it was. The provincial Liberal government, under Dalton McGuinty and Health Minister George Smitherman, introduced an upgraded payment model for Family Medicine. It built on the existing capitation based Family Health Network (FHN) model to enhance it.
 

What was so unique about this? It stands out as one of the only times a government has thought beyond their 4 year term to the ultimate health of their population as well as their economy down the road when they may no longer be in power.  Sure, it was going to make them look good if everyone got a family doctor out of it-but it was a big expensive risk, a risk based on an assumption that family medicine was critical to the system, AND that practitioners need to be paid fairly for their work if they wish to retain these doctors in the future. A different time to be sure!

It worked. Look at the stats from 2008 to 2018. Look at how many Family Doctors gladly embraced the new system. Look how the number of orphaned patients dropped. 

The system had flaws. I mean this was the second iteration of what was described as an experiment. The “outside use” enforcement rule made little sense in most cases. The calculation of capitation payments wasn’t always a fair representation of how much work it took to look after the patient in front of you. Certain “in the basket” fees were bizarre and should never have been part of the package.  Doctors were actually more incentivized to send people to the ER over a walk in clinic!!! But all in all, it was a great innovation, a great idea, and saved family medicine. It also, no doubt saved the province millions in treatment dollars and ER visits as family doctors made themselves available to look after patients.

And then, In 2015 Kathleen Wynne and Eric Hoskins, the health minister at the time, effectively shut down enrollment in FHOs And that was the beginning of the end. I presume they just wanted to control the immediate budget – paying for family medicine up front meant huge savings down the road. But it resulted in a pretty big chunk of budget going out the door now. And the Wynne liberals didn’t have a health care crisis, didn’t heed the warnings that we as physicians laid out pretty starkly at the time, and decided, nah, we’ll just “pause” the experiment.
 

Which they did. And the fall out was obvious. As a clinic owner and a family doctor, I had a front row seat.  The residents and new grads had all been trained in the new system, and now were unable to access it. If they wanted to work, they’d be taking a tremendous risk setting up a clinic in a Fee For Service environment using a Schedule of Benefits that had failed to keep up with inflation for 20 years. They were screwed.  The aging Family Doctor population continued to retire at a predictable rate, and the aging population continued to get more desperate to find doctors with increasing difficulty.

By the time the FHO’s opened up again in 2021, it barely mattered–The reputation of family medicine among new grads had been thrashed for 6 years. 
With the new rules, new grads would have to gather 6 like-minded individuals (instead of just 3 like in the old days), or find a bigger FHO that was already established and could fit them in. Not so easy. Opening up your own shop had become increasingly more expensive with post pandemic inflation, so the debt would be crippling just to get started if you wanted your own clinic. And these are graduates who already had a huge amount of debt coming out of school.

Couple this with the insane increase in administrative burden as we become more and more efficient at having hospitals and labs forward us copies of paperwork. In theory, amazing, in practice hugely burdensome, time consuming and unpaid. Arguably, if the FHO rates had increased at the level of inflation, there’d be no complaints about this additional work. But the FHO rates had more or less remained static relative to the cost of doing business. Still better than FFS, still paid a lot less than the actual market value of doing the job as proven by the lack of uptake that continues today.

The thing is: The FHO is still the answer. It absolutely needs some significant tweaks. The rates need to go up. The outside use concept needs to go. Minimum size and shared EMR requirement needs to be softened so that smaller groups can join together in nearby geographic areas. Some sort of separate funding will be essential to help clinic owners to keep up with inflation.  But it still achieves by far the best mix of physician autonomy, clinic management, and long term government savings. And it’s evidence-based! We have a recent history we can look back on to demonstrate efficacy!

Other solutions, such as having lesser-trained individuals diagnosing and managing patients give the appearance of short term gains at a huge future cost as more referrals to specialists are made and more referrals to the ER are made. Another concept of having government run all clinics is clearly so expensive as to be dead at the gates-Doctors currently pay for rent, administration and their own retirements out of their incomes. It’s not great for us, but it’s a heck of a lot cheaper for the taxpayer to do it that way, and simply pay the doctors more.

I recognize that my FFS colleagues are not helped at all by an enhancement and advocacy for the FHO approach. And I’m sorry. I obviously think there’s a lot of work that could be done to improve FFS rules and individual payments. No doubt.

But we actually have the evidence that the FHO saved family medicine when it was introduced. It was stunningly effective, and if nursed back to health, will absolutely work again.

Mark Linder is a former ER doctor and now full time family physician and clinic owner.

This article was originally published on the blog, Just an Old Country Doctor.